Fantoni, C., Hilger, J., Gerbino, W. & Kellman, P. J. (in press). Surface interpolation and 3D relatability. Journal of Vision.


Fantoni, C., Gerbino, W. & Kellman, P.J. (in press). Approximation, torsion, and amodally completed surfaces. Vision Research.


Keane, B. P., Lu, H., & Kellman, P. J. (2007). Classification images reveal spatiotemporal interpolation in illusory figures. Vision Research, 47, 3460-3475.


Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P.B., Shipley, T.F. & Keane, B.P. (2007). Postscript: Identity and constraints in models of object formation. Psychological Review, 114(2): 502-508.


Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P.B., Shipley, T.F. & Keane, B.P. (2007). Interpolation processes in object perception: A reply to Anderson. Psychological Review, 114(2): 488-502.


Kellman, P.J. & Garrigan, P.B. (2007). Segmentation, grouping, and shape: Some Hochbergian questions. In M. A. Peterson, B. Gillam & H. A. Sedgwick, (Eds.) Julian Hochberg on the perception of pictures, films, and the world, NY: Oxford University Press.


Palmer, E. M., Kellman, P. J., & Shipley, T. F. (2006). A theory of dynamic occluded and illusory object perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 513–541.


Kellman, P.J. & Arterberry, M.A. (2006). Infant visual perception. In R. Siegler and D. Kuhn (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, Sixth Edition, Volume 2: Cognition, Perception, and Language. New York: Wiley.


Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P., & Shipley, T. F. (2005). Object interpolation in three dimensions. Psychological Review, Vol. 112, No. 3, 586-609.


Kellman, P.J., Garrigan, P., Yin, C., Shipley, T. & Machado, L. (2005). 3D interpolation in object perception: Evidence from an objective performance paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 31, 558-583.


Guttman, S.E. & Kellman, P.J. (2004). Contour interpolation revealed by a dot localization paradigm. Vision Research, 44(15), 1799-1815.


Kellman, P.J. (2003). Perceptual processes that create objects from fragments. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks.


Kellman, P.J. (2003). Segmentation and grouping in object perception: A 4-dimensional approach. In M. Behrmann and R. Kimchi (Eds.). Perceptual Organization in Vision: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives: The 31st Carnegie Symposium on Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.


Visual Perception of Contours, Surfaces, and Objects:

Basic Research and Modeling

We have a strong and ongoing research effort involving psychophysical research and computational modeling of object perception, including how objects, contours, and surfaces are perceived from information that is fragmentary in space and time, and how we perceive and represent shape. In recent work, we have developed a neural-style implementation of early contour connections underlying connections of contour fragments across gaps. In ongoing efforts, we are developing a more comprehensive framework for understanding object formation -- extending the basic geometric relations governing interpolation (generation of illusory and occluded contours and surfaces) from 2D static cases to 3D perception and spatiotemporal object perception, in which objects are constructed across gaps in both space and time. We are applying classification imaging techniques to the problem of spatiotemporal interpolation, exploring the types of motions that support dynamic object formation, and studying object formation across gaps in the context of multiple object tracking.

Philip J. Kellman, Tandra Ghose, Brian Keane, James Hilger, Everett Mettler, Vicky Tsoi, Youka Samih, Janelle Liu, James Mendoza


Hongjing Liu (UCLA)


Researchers



Collaborators



Selected Publications

Note:

The published material is protected by copyright laws, and so may be used for personal and/or research purposes only. When you click on any of the links, that constitutes both your request for a personal copy of the linked article and our distribution of the article to you.  Other uses of the published material is prohibited.

Some Demos

Interpolation Automatically Directs Attention in Multiple Object Tracking


Multiple object tracking has almost always been used to explore attention. But we show that a version of the paradigm--which we call Multiple Vertex Tracking--can also be used to explore contour interpolation. In this paradigm, a target and distractor object orbit in each quadrant of the screen. Four targets can either interpolate with one another to form an illusory quadrilateral (TI condition); or each target can interpolate with two of its neighboring distractor objects (TDI condition). The first condition is consistently easier than the second.


Test it for yourself! Track the blinked objects in the videos:


Top: All targets interpolate, so that tracking is easier.


Bottom: Targets and distractors interpolate together, to make tracking harder.

Functional Effects of Filling-in Objects During Contour Interpolation


To explore functional effects of filling-in during spatiotemporal contour interpolation - which occurs when the pieces that engender interpolation appear at different points in time, we created a movie of a “thin” illusory rectangle and a “fat” illusory rectangle (see left).  Both essentially involve spatiotemporal contour interpolation, since contours are built with information appearing sequentially over time.


Using a classification image technique (Gold, Murray, Bennett, & Sekuler, 2000), we first, embedded the illusory rectangle regions in static luminance noise, we then had observers discriminate the rectangle types over many trials, and finally we determined correlations between pixel noise contrast and observer response.

It is hard to see any shape from the three static images. However when the static images get repeated over time a triangle emerges.